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asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 1 - general description ak4584 is a high-performance 24-bit codec for 96khz consumer audio and digital recording applications. the on-board analog-to-digital converter has an impressive dynamic range, thanks in part to akm?s enhanced dual-bit architecture. the dac features the newly developed advanced multi-bit architecture and achieves low out-of-band noise and high jitter tolerance through the use of switched capacitor filter (scf) technology. the ak4584 also has a s/pdif-aes/ebu digital audio transmitter (dit) and a digital audio receiver (dir) that are compatible with 24-bit, 192khz formats. the ak4584 can automatically detect non-pcm bit streams like ac-3, mpeg and dts. either the adc or the digital audio input can be routed directly to the digital audio output. the ak4584 has an input programmable gain amplifier and is well suited for computer daws, minidisc, dvd-r, hard disk and cd-r recording/playback systems. *ac-3 is a trademark of dolby laboratories. dts is a trademark of digital theater systems, inc. features 1. 24bit 2ch adc ? fs: max 96khz ? single-end input ? s/(n+d): 90db ? dynamic range, s/n: 100db ? digital hpf for offset cancellation ? input pga with +18db gain & 0.5db step ? input datt with ?72db att ? i/f format: msb justified or i 2 s 2. 24bit 2ch dac ? fs: max 192khz ? 24bit 8 times digital filter - ripple: 0.005db, attenuation: 75db ? single-end output ? s/(n+d): 94db ? dynamic range, s/n: 104db ? de-emphasis for 32khz, 44.1khz, 48khz sampling ? digital attenuator with soft-transition ? soft mute ? zero detect function ? i/f format: msb justified, lsb justified or i 2 s 3. 3 outputs 24 bit 192khz dit ? 3-channel transmission outputs (2 through outputs & dit output) ? 40 bits channel status buffer 24bit 96khz audio codec with dit/dir ak4584
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 2 - 4. 4 inputs 24bit 192khz dir ? supports aes3, iec60958, s/pdif, eiaj cp1201 ? low jitter analog pll ? pll lock range: 32k 192khz ? clock source: pll or x?tal ? 4 digital receive channel inputs ? detect function - non-pcm bit stream detection - dts-cd bit stream detection - validity flag detection - sampling frequency detection - unlock & parity error detection ? 40 bits channel status buffer ? burst preamble bit pc, pd buffer for non-pcm bit stream 5. support external audio clock input ? master clock input - 256fs, 384fs, 512fs, 768fs (fs = 44.1khz 48khz) - 256fs, 384fs (fs = 88.2khz 96khz) - 128fs, 192fs (fs = 176.4khz 192khz) 6. support master & slave mode 7. serial p i/f: 4-wire serial 8. 5v operation 9. 3v power supply pin for 3v i/f 10. 44pin lqfp package 11. ta: ? 10 to 70c
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 3 - ? block diagram dir rx2 ipga datt adc r_lrck r_bick r_data r_mclk a_lrck a_bick a_data a_mclk hpf d_lrck d_bick d_data d_mclk datt smute dac dit t_lrck t_bick t_data t_mclk rx3 rx4 lin rin rout lout tx3 tx1 lrck bick sdto sdti mcko1 audio interface rx2 rx3 rx4 lin rin tx2 tx3 tx1 tx2 lout rout lrck bick sdto sdti avdd avss dvdd dvss tvdd pvdd pvss vref vcom dzf m/s int0 pdn control register cdto cdti cclk csn mclk selector divider mcki mcko1 r xti xto x'tal osc tx1e tx2e tx3e ops1-0 ips1-0 rx1 rx1 int1 mcko2 mcko2 dmck xtale block diagram
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 4 - ? ordering guide ak4584vq ? 10 +70 c 44pin lqfp (0.8mm pitch) AKD4584 evaluation board for ak4584 ? pin layout test2 rx2 44 43 1 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ak4584vq top view rx3 nc rx4 pdn int0 int1 cdti cdto cclk csn test3 tx1 tx2 xtale tx3 dvdd dvss tvdd xto xti/mcki dmck mcko1 mcko2 sdto sdti bick lrck m/s dzf vcom lout rout test1 rx1 pvss r pvdd lin rin vref avdd avss
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 5 - pin/function no. pin name i/o function 1 test2 i test 2 pin (internal pull-down pin) 2 rx3 i receiver input 3 with amp for 0.2vpp 3 nc i nc pin (no internal bonding pin, fixed to ?avss?) 4 rx4 i receiver input 4 with amp for 0.2vpp 5pdn i power-down mode pin ?h?: power up, ?l?: power down reset and initialize the control registers. 6 int0 o interrupt 0 pin 7 int1 o interrupt 1 pin 8 cdti i control data input pin 9 cdto o control data output pin 10 cclk i control data clock pin 11 csn i chip select pin 12 test3 i test 3 pin (fixed to avss) 13 tx1 o transmitter 1 output pin 14 tx2 o transmitter 2 output pin 15 xtale i x?tal osc enable pin ?h? : enable, ?l? : disable 16 tx3 o transmitter 3 output pin 17 dvdd - digital power supply pin, 4.75 5.25v 18 dvss - digital ground pin 19 tvdd - output buffer power supply pin, 2.7 5.25v 20 xto o x?tal output pin xti i x?tal input pin 21 mcki i external master clock input pin 22 dmck i mcko1 disable pin ?h? : mcko1 ?l? output, ?l? : mcko1 output
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 6 - 23 mcko1 o master clock output 1 pin 24 mcko2 o master clock output 2 pin 25 sdto o audio serial data output pin 26 sdti i audio serial data input pin 27 bick i/o audio serial data clock pin 28 lrck i/o input / output channel clock pin 29 m/s i master / slave mode pin ?h? : master mode, ?l? : slave mode 30 dzf o zero input detect pin 31 vcom o common voltage output pin, avdd/2 bias voltage of adc inputs and dac outputs. 32 lout o lch analog output pin 33 rout o rch analog output pin 34 avss - analog ground pin 35 avdd - analog power supply pin, 4.75 5.25v 36 vref i voltage reference input pin, avdd used as a voltage reference by adc & dac. vref is connected externally to filtered avdd. 37 rin i rch analog input pin 38 lin i lch analog input pin 39 pvdd - pll power supply pin, 4.75 5.25v 40 r - external resistor pin for pll 13k ? 1% resistor to pvss externally. 41 pvss - pll ground pin 42 rx1 i receiver input 1 with amp for 0.2vpp 43 test1 i test 1 pin ( internal pull-down pin) 44 rx2 i receiver input 2 with amp for 0.2vpp note: all input pins except pull-down pins should not be left floating.
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 7 - absolute maximum ratings (avss, dvss, pvss=0v; note 1) parameter symbol min max units power supplies: analog digital pll output buffer |avss ? dvss| (note 2) |avss ? pvss| (note 2) avdd dvdd pvdd tvdd ? gnd1 ? gnd2 ? 0.3 ? 0.3 ? 0.3 ? 0.3 - - 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 0.3 0.3 v v v v v v input current, any pin except supplies iin - 10 ma analog input voltage (vref, lin, rin pins) vina ? 0.3 avdd+0.3 v digital input voltage 1 (except rx1-4, bick, lrck pins) vind1 ? 0.3 dvdd+0.3 v digital input voltage 2 (rx1-4 pins) vind2 ? 0.3 pvdd+0.3 v digital input voltage 3 (bick, lrck pins) vind3 ? 0.3 tvdd+0.3 v ambient temperature (powered applied) ta ? 10 70 c storage temperature tstg ? 65 150 c note: 1. all voltages with respect to ground. note: 2. avss, dvss and pvss must be connected to the same analog ground plane. warning: operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device. normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes. recommended operating conditions (avss, dvss, pvss=0v; note 1) parameter symbol min typ max units power supplies (note 3) analog digital pll output buffer avdd dvdd pvdd tvdd 4.75 4.75 4.75 2.7 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.0 5.25 avdd avdd dvdd v v v v voltage reference (note 4) vref 3.0 - avdd v note: 1. all voltages with respect to ground. note: 3. the power up sequence between avdd, dvdd, pvdd and tvdd is not critical. note: 4. normally, vref voltage is the same as avdd voltage. warning: akm assumes no responsibility for the usage beyond the conditions in this datasheet.
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 8 - analog characteristics (ta=25 c; avdd, dvdd, pvdd, tvdd=5.0v; avss=dvss=pvss=0v; vref=avdd; fs=44.1khz, 96khz, 192khz; bick=64fs; signal frequency=1khz; 24bit data; measurement frequency=10hz 20khz at fs=44.1khz, 10hz 40khz at fs=96khz; 10hz 80khz at fs=192khz; unless otherwise specified) parameter min typ max units input pga characteristics: input voltage (note 5) fs=44.1khz, ain=0.6 x avdd fs=96khz, ain=0.62 x avdd 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 vpp vpp input resistance 5 10 15 k ? step size 0.2 0.5 0.8 db gain control range 0 18 db adc analog input characteristics: ipga=0db resolution 24 bits s/(n+d) (-0.5dbfs) fs=44.1khz fs=96khz 84 80 90 88 db db dr (-60dbfs) fs=44.1khz, a-weighted fs=96khz 94 88 100 96 db db s/n fs=44.1khz, a-weighted fs=96khz 94 88 100 96 db db interchannel isolation 90 100 db interchannel gain mismatch 0.2 0.5 db gain drift 20 - ppm/ c power supply rejection (note 6) 50 - db dac analog output characteristics: resolution 24 bits s/(n+d) (0dbfs) fs=44.1khz fs=96khz fs=192khz 88 86 - 94 92 84 db db db dr (-60dbfs) fs=44.1khz, a-weighted fs=96khz fs=192khz 98 90 - 104 98 85 db db db s/n fs=44.1khz, a-weighted fs=96khz fs=192khz 98 90 - 104 98 85 db db db interchannel isolation 90 100 db interchannel gain mismatch 0.2 0.5 db gain drift 20 - ppm/ c output voltage (note 7) 2.8 3.0 3.2 vpp load resistance 5 k ? load capacitance 25 pf power supply rejection (note 6) 50 - db note: 5. full scale (0db) of the input voltage at ipga = 0db. note: 6. psr is applied to avdd, dvdd, pvdd and tvdd with 1khz, 50mvpp.vref pin is held a constant voltage. note: 7. this voltage is proportional to vref. vout = 0.6 x vref.
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 9 - parameter min typ max units power supplies power supply current normal operation (pdn = ?h?) avdd pvdd (fs=44.1khz) dvdd+tvdd (fs=44.1khz) (fs=96khz) power-down mode (pdn = ?l?) (note 8) avdd pvdd dvdd+tvdd 23 12 24 36 10 10 10 35 18 36 54 100 100 100 ma ma ma ma a a a note: 8. all digital input pins are held dvdd or dvss. s/pdif receiver characteristics (ta=25 c; avdd, dvdd, pvdd=4.75 5.25v; tvdd=2.7 5.25v) parameter symbol min typ max units input resistance zin 10 k ? input voltage vth 200 mvpp input hysteresis vhy - 50 mv input sample frequency fs 32 - 192 khz
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 10 - filter characteristics (ta= ? 10 70 c; avdd, dvdd, pvdd=4.75 5.25v; tvdd=2.7 5.25v; fs=44.1khz; dem=off) parameter symbol min typ max units adc digital filter (decimation lpf): passband (note 9) 0.005db -0.02db -0.06db -6.0db pb 0 - - - 20.02 20.20 22.05 19.76 - - - khz khz khz khz stopband sb 24.34 khz passband ripple pr 0.005 db stopband attenuation sa 80 db group delay (note 10) gd 31 1/fs group delay distortion ? gd 0 s adc digital filter (hpf): frequency response (note 9) -3db -0.5db -0.1db fr 0.9 2.7 6.0 hz hz hz dac digital filter: passband (note 9) 0.01db -6.0db pb 0 - 22.05 20.0 - khz khz stopband sb 24.1 khz passband ripple pr 0.005 db stopband attenuation sa 75 db group delay (note 10) gd 30 1/fs dac digital filter + scf + smf: frequency response: 0 20.0khz 40khz (note 11) 80khz (note 12) fr ? 0.1 ? 0.2 ? 1.0 db db db note: 9. the passband and stopband frequencies scale with fs. for example, 20.02khz at ? 0.02db is 0.454 x fs. note: 10. the calculated delay time induced by digital filtering. this time is from the input of an analog signal to the setting of 24bit data both channels to the adc output register for adc. for dac, this time is from setting the 24bit data of both channels on dac input register to the output of an analog signal. note: 11. fs = 96khz. note: 12. fs = 192khz.
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 11 - dc characteristics (ta= ? 10 70 c; avdd, dvdd, pvdd=4.75 5.25v; tvdd=2.7 5.25v) parameter symbol min typ max units high-level input voltage (except xti pin) (xti pin) low-level input voltage (except xti pin) (xti pin) vih vih vil vil 2.2 70%dvdd - - - - - - - - 0.8 30%dvdd v v v v input voltage at ac coupling (xti pin, note 13) vac 40%dvdd - - vpp high-level output voltage (except tx1-3, dzf pins : iout= ? 400 a) (tx1-3 pin : iout= ? 400 a) (dzf pin : iout= ? 400 a) low-level output voltage (iout=400 a) voh voh voh vol tvdd-0.5 dvdd-0.5 avdd-0.5 - - - - - - - - 0.5 v v v v tx output voltage level (note 14) voh 0.4 0.5 0.6 v input leakage current iin - - 10 a note: 13. in case of connecting capacitance to xti pin. (refer to figure 3) note: 14. refer to figure 7.
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 12 - switching characteristics (ta= ? 10 70 c; avdd, dvdd, pvdd=4.75 5.25v, tvdd=2.7 5.25v; c l =20pf) parameter symbol min typ max units master clock timing crystal resonator frequency 11.2896 24.576 mhz external clock frequency pulse width low pulse width high fclk tclkl tclkh 11.2896 0.4/fclk 0.4/fclk 36.864 mhz ns ns mcko1 output frequency duty cycle (note 15) fmck dmck 11.2896 40 50 24.576 60 mhz % mcko2 output frequency duty cycle fmck dmck 5.6448 40 50 18.432 60 mhz % pll clock recover frequency fpll 32 192 khz lrck frequency normal speed mode (dfs0=?0?, dfs1=?0?) double speed mode (dfs0=?1?, dfs1=?0?) quad speed mode (dfs0=?0?, dfs1=?1?) fsn fsd fsq 32 88.2 176.4 48 96 192 khz khz khz duty cycle slave mode master mode 45 50 55 % % audio interface timing slave mode bick period bick pulse width low pulse width high lrck edge to bick ? ? (note 16) bick ? ? to lrck edge (note 16) lrck to sdto (msb) (except i 2 s mode) bick ? ? to sdto sdti hold time sdti setup time tbck tbckl tbckh tlrb tblr tlrs tbsd tsdh tsds 81 33 33 20 20 20 20 20 20 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns master mode bick frequency bick duty bick ? ? to lrck bick ? ? to sdto sdti hold time sdti setup time fbck dbck tmblr tbsd tsdh tsds ? 20 ? 20 20 20 64fs 50 20 20 hz % ns ns ns ns note: 15. duty cycle is not guaranteed when using the external clock input. note: 16. bick rising edge must not occur at the same time as lrck edge.
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 13 - parameter symbol min typ max units control interface timing cclk period cclk pulse width low pulse width high cdti setup time cdti hold time csn ?h? time csn ? ? to cclk ? ? cclk ? ? to csn ? ? cdto delay csn ? ? to cdto hi-z tcck tcckl tcckh tcds tcdh tcsw tcss tcsh tdcd tccz 200 80 80 40 40 150 50 50 45 70 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns reset timing pdn pulse width (note 17) rstadn ? ? to sdto valid (note 18) tpd tpdv 150 516 ns 1/fs note: 17. the ak4584 can be reset by bringing pdn pin = ?l?. note: 18. this cycle is the number of lrck rising edges from the rstadn bit.
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 14 - ? timing diagram 1/fclk mclk tclkh tclkl vih vil 1/fs lrck vih vil tbck bick tbckh tbckl vih vil mcko dmck dmck 50%tvdd fmck clock timing
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 15 - lrck vih vil tblr bick vih vil tlrs sdto 50%tvdd tlrb tbsd tsds sdti vil tsdh vih audio interface timing (slave mode) lrck bick 50%tvdd sdto 50%tvdd tbsd tsds sdti vil tsdh vih tmblr dbck 50%tvdd audio interface timing (master mode)
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 16 - csn vih vil tcss cclk tcds vih vil cdti vih tcckh tcckl tcdh vil c1 c0 r/w cdto hi-z write/read command input timing csn vih vil tcsh cclk vih vil cdti vih tcsw vil d1 d0 cdto hi-z d2 write data input timing
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 17 - csn vih vil cclk vih vil cdti vih vil a0 cdto a1 50%tvdd tdcd d7 d6 hi-z read data output timing 1 csn vih vil tcsh cclk vih vil cdti vih tcsw vil cdto 50%tvdd d2 d1 d0 tccz hi-z read data output timing 2
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 18 - csn vih vil tpdv sdto tpd 50%tvdd pdn vil power down & reset timing
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 19 - operation overview ? internal signal path the input source of the dac and sdto can be switched between the outputs of the adc, sdti or the dir. the input source of the dit can be switched between the outputs of adc or sdti. there is also a through/bypass path from the dir to the dit that can be also selected. the switch names (dac1-0 etc) in figure 1 correspond to the register bits that control the switch function. refer to ?register definitions? (address 08h). adc dir dac dit dac1-0 pcm1-0 dit1-0 dem ipga hpf datt datt smute sdto sdti dit1-0 figure 1. connection between input sources & output sources ? clock operation mode the cm1-0 bits determine the clock source of the ak4584; either pll or x?tal (including external clock source, table 1). in mode 2, the clock source is switched automatically from pll to x?tal when the pll loses lock. in mode 3, the clock source is fixed to the external x?tal input, however the pll is also operating enabling the monitoring of recovered data such as c bits. for mode 2 and mode 3, the frequency of the x?tal should be different from that of the recovered frequency from pll. when xtl1-0 bits are ?11?, the x?tal oscillator is stopped in mode 0. the default values are ?01? for cm1-0 bits. since the signal path is not changed automatically when changing the cm1-0 bits, the output source should be selected by changing register 08h. mode cm1 cm0 unlock pll x?tal clock source 00 0 -on ? pll 1 0 1 - off on x?tal 0 on on pll 21 0 1 on on x?tal 3 1 1 - on on x?tal default on: oscillation (power-up), off: stop (power-down) ? : off at xtale pin = ?l? and xtl1-0 bits = ?11?, on at others table 1. clock operation mode select
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 20 - ? master clock output the ak4584 has two clock outputs, mcko1 and mcko2. these clocks are derived from either the recovered clock or the x'tal oscillator. in pll mode, the master clock output frequencies (mcko1, mcko2) are set by ocks1-0 bits as shown in table 2. in the x?tal mode or external clock mode, the frequency of mcko1 is the same as the x?tal or external clock. mcko2 outputs a half frequency of mcko1 (table 3). mcko1 output can be disabled by the dmck pin. mcko1 output is ?l? (disable) when the dmck pin = ?h?, mcko1 output is normal output when the dmck pin = ?l?. in pll mode, mode 0 does not support 96khz. the default values of ocks1-0 bits are ?01? mode ocks1 ocks0 mcko1 mcko2 fs 0 0 0 512fs 256fs 48khz 1 0 1 256fs 128fs 96khz 2 1 0 128fs 64fs 192khz 3 1 1 64fs 32fs 192khz default table 2. master clock output frequency select (pll mode) x?tal mcko1 mcko2 11.2896mhz 11.2896mhz 5.6448mhz 12.288mhz 12.288mhz 6.144mhz 24.576mhz 24.576mhz 12.288mhz table 3. master clock output frequency select (x?tal mode) table 4 is a connection example when using ak5394 and ak4394 in slave mode. ak5394 ak4394 clock output mcko2 mcko1 normal speed 256fs 512fs double speed 128fs 256fs quad speed 64fs 128fs table 4. clock select for ak5394 & ak4394
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 21 - ? system clock the master clock (mclk) is derived from either a x?tal oscillator or the recovered clock from the ak4584?s pll. mclk frequency is set by icks1-0 bits (table 5) for x?tal mode and external clock mode. the sampling speed (normal, double or quad speed modes) is selected by dfs1-0 bits (table 6). the adc is powered down during quad speed mode. when using a x?tal oscillator, external loading capacitors between xti/xto pins and dvss are required. an external clock can be input to the xti pin with the xto pin left floating. the input can accept both cmos and ac coupled clock sources with 40%dvdd. in slave mode, the lrck clock input must be synchronized with mclk, however the phase is not critical. all external clocks (mclk, bick and lrck) must be present unless pdn pin = ?l? or all parts are powered down by control register, otherwise excessive current may be produced by the internal dynamic logic. in master mode, the master clock (mclk) must be provided by a x?tal oscillator, external clock or internal pll unless pdn pin = ?l?. mclk mode icks1 icks0 normal (dfs1-0 = ?00?) double (dfs1-0 = ?01?) quad (dfs1-0 = ?10?) 0 0 0 256fs n/a n/a 1 0 1 384s n/a n/a 2 1 0 512fs 256fs 128fs 3 1 1 768fs 384fs 192fs default table 5. master clock input frequency select (x?tal mode) dfs1 dfs0 sampling rate 0 0 normal speed 0 1 double speed 1 0 quad speed 11 n/a default table 6. sampling speed mclk normal fs=44.1khz mclk double fs=88.2khz mclk quad fs=176.4khz 256fs 11.2896mhz 128fs n/a 64fs n/a 384fs 16.9344mhz 192fs n/a 96fs n/a 512fs 22.5792mhz 256fs 22.5792mhz 128fs 22.5792mhz 768fs 33.8688mhz 384fs 33.8688mhz 192fs 33.8688mhz mclk normal fs=48khz mclk double fs=96khz mclk quad fs=192khz 256fs 12.288mhz 128fs n/a 64fs n/a 384fs 18.432mhz 192fs n/a 96fs n/a 512fs 24.576mhz 256fs 24.576mhz 128fs 24.576mhz 768fs 36.864mhz 384fs 36.864mhz 192fs 36.864mhz table 7. master clock frequencies example * x?tal mode supports from 11.2896mhz to 24.576mhz. * frequencies over 24.576mhz are supported in external clock mode only.
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 22 - ? clock source (1) using x?tal xti xto ak4584 figure 2. x?tal mode - note: external capacitance depends on the crystal oscillator (typ. 10-40pf) (2) using external clock xti xto ak4584 external clock external clock xti xto ak4584 c figure 3. (a) external clock mode figure 3. (b) external clock mode (input : cmos level) (input : 40%dvdd) - note: input clock must not exceed dvdd. (3) clock operation mode 0 xti xto ak4584 figure 4. off mode ? 192khz clock recovery the on chip low jitter pll has a wide lock range from 32khz to 192khz and a lock time of less than 20ms. the ak4584 also has a sampling frequency detect function that works by performing either a clock comparison against the x?tal oscillator or by using the channel status. the ak4584 detects the following sampling frequencies : 32khz, 44.1khz, 48khz, 88.2khz, 96khz, 176.4khz and 192khz. the pll loses lock when the incoming sync interval is incorrect.
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 23 - ? biphase input four receiver inputs (rx1-4 pins) are available. each input includes an unbalanced input amplifier and can accept input signals of 200mv or more. ips1 ips0 input data 0 0 rx1 0 1 rx2 1 0 rx3 1 1 rx4 default table 8. recovery data select ? biphase output the ak4584 can output the through data from the digital receiver inputs (rx1-4) to the tx1/2 pins. the tx3 pin can output transmitter data (sdti data, a/d converted data and through output from the dir). the ops1-0 bits can select the source of the output from the tx1-2 pins and the dit1-0 bits can select the source of the tx3 pin. the first 5 bytes of c-bit (channel status) can be controlled by ct39-ct0 bits in the control registers. when ct0 bit = ?0? (consumer mode), bits20-23 (audio channel) cannot be controlled directly. when the tch bit is ?1?, the ak4584 outputs ?1000? as ct20-23 bits for left channel and outputs ?0100? at ct20-23 bits for right channel automatically. when tch bit is ?0?, the ak4584 outputs ?0000?. the u bit (user data) output has two formats. when the udit bit is ?0?, the u bit is always ?l?. when udit bit is ?1?, the recovered u bits are passed through the dit (dir-dit loop mode of u bit). this mode is only available when the pll is locked. when pll is unlocked, the u bit is set to ?l?. ops1 ops0 output data 0 0 rx1 0 1 rx2 1 0 rx3 1 1 rx4 default table 9. output data select for tx1/2 dit1 dit0 input source 0 0 adc 0 1 sdti 10 dir 11 n/a default table 10. output data select for tx3 note: when the pll loses lock, the v bit (validity) data in the block immediately following loss-of-lock may not be accurate. disregard this data and use the following data blocks.
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 24 - ? biphase signal input/output circuit rx ak4584 0.1uf 75 ? coax 75 ? figure 5. consumer input circuit (coaxial input) note 1: coax input only : if a coupling level to this input from the next rx input line pattern exceeds 50mv, an incorrect operation may occur. in this case, it is possible to lower the coupling level by adding this decoupling capacitor. note 2: ground of the rca connector and terminator should be connected to pvss of the ak4584 with low impedance on pc board. rx ak4584 470 o/e optical receiver optical fiber figure 6. consumer input circuit (optical input) when using coaxial input, the input level of the rx line is small. care must be taken to reduce, crosstalk among rx input lines by inserting a shield pattern between them. the ak4584 includes a tx output buffer. the output level is 0.5v, +/ ? 20% using the external resistor network shown below. the t1 in figure 7 is a 1:1 transformer. tx dvss 100 t1 75 ? cable 330 figure 7. tx external resistor network
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 25 - ? sampling frequency and pre-emphasis detection the ak4584 has two methods for detecting the sampling frequency. the sampling frequency is detected by comparing the recovered clock to the x?tal oscillator, and the detected frequency is reported on fs3-0 bits. xtl1-0 bits can select reference x?tal frequency (table 11). when xtl1-0 bits = ?11? and xtale pin = ?l?, x?tal oscillator is stopped and the sampling frequency is detected by the channel status sampling frequency information. the detected frequency is reported on fs3-0 bits. the default values of fs3-0 bits are ?0000?. xtl1 xtl0 x?tal frequency 0 0 11.2896mhz 0 1 12.288mhz 1 0 24.576mhz 1 1 use channel status default table 11. reference x?tal frequency except xtl1-0 bits=?11? xtl1-0 bits=?11? register output consumer mode (note 1) pro mode fs3 fs2 fs1 fs0 fs clock comparison byte3 bit3,2,1,0 byte0 bit7,6 byte4 bit6,5,4,3 0000 44.1khz 3% 0000 01 0000 0001 reserved - 0001 (others) 0000 0010 48khz 3% 0010 10 0000 0011 32khz 3% 0011 11 0000 1000 88.2khz 3% (1000) 00 1010 1010 96khz 3% (1010) 00 0010 1100 176.4khz 3% (1100) 00 1011 1110 192khz 3% (1110) 00 0011 table 12. fs information note 1. in consumer mode, byte3 bit3-0 are copied to fs3-0. the pre-emphasis information is detected and reported on the pem bit. this information is extracted from channel 1 (default). it can be switched to channel 2 via the cs12 bit in the control register. pem bit pre-emphasis byte0 bit3,4,5 0off 0x100 1 on 0x100 table 13. pem in consumer mode pem bit pre-emphasis byte0 bit2,3,4 0off 100 1 on 100 table 14. pem in pro mode
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 26 - ? error handling the following eight events will cause the int1-0 pins go to ?h?. (1) unock: ?1? when pll goes to an unlock state. the ak4584 loses lock when the distance between two preambles is not correct or when those preambles are not correct. (2) par: ?1? when parity error or biphase coding error is detected. updated every sub-frame cycle. reading this register resets it. (3) auto: ?1? when non-linear pcm bit stream is detected. (4) dtscd: ?1? when dts-cd bit stream is detected. (5) audion:?1? when the ?audio? bit in recovered channel status indicates ?1?. (6) pem: ?1? when ?pem? in recovered channel status indicates ?1?. updated every block cycle. (7) v: ?1? when validity flag is detected. (8) fs: ?1? when fs3-0 bits change. fs3-0 bits are changed, fs bit is ?h? during 1 sub-frame. the contents of fs3-0 bits are the frequency detection result by fs-bit of c-bit or x?tal (refer to table 12), this is compared last data every one block. reading this register resets it. int1-0 pins output the or?ed signal among those eight factors. however, each mask bit can mask each factor. when a bit masks a factor, the factor does not affect int1-0 pins operation (those masks do not affect those registers (unlock, par, etc.) themselves). once int0 pin goes to ?h?, it maintains ?h? for 1024 cycles (this value can be changed by efh1-0 bits) after the all factors are removed. once the par bit and the fs bit go to ?1?, it holds ?1? until reading the register. while the ak4584 loses lock, the channel status bits are not updated and hold the previous data. in its initial state, int0 pin outputs the or?ed signal between unlock and par bits. int1 pin outputs the or?ed signal among auto, dtscd, audion and vdir bits. int1-0 pins are ?l? when the pll is off. register pin unlock par auto dtscd audion pem vdir fs sdto tx 1 x x x x x x x ?l? output 0 1 x x x x x x previous data output 0 0 1 x x x x x output output 0 0 x 1 x x x x output output 0 0 x x 1 x x x output output 0 0 x x x 1 x x output output 0 0 x x x x 1 x output output 0 0 x x x x x 1 output output table 15. error handling (x : don?t care)
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 27 - error (unlock, par,..) int1 pin sdto (unlock) mcko,bick,lrck (unlock) previous data register (par, fs) hold ?1? command read 0eh mcko,bick,lrck (except unlock) (fs: around 20khz) sdto (par error) hold time = 0 reset (error) sdto (others) normal operation int0 pin hold time (max: 4096/fs) register (others) free run figure 8. int0/1 pin timing
asahi kasei [ak4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 28 - initialize each error handling mute dac output release muting pdn pin = "l" to "h" read 0eh yes no read 0eh int0/1 pin = "h" int0/1 pin = "h" yes no figure 9. error handling sequence example ? non-pcm (ac-3, mpeg, etc.) and dts-cd bitstream detection the ak4584 has a non-pcm steam auto-detect function. when the 32-bit mode non-pcm preamble based on dolby?s ?ac-3 data stream in iec60958 interface? is detected, the auto bit goes to ?1?. the 96-bit sync code consists of 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xf872 and 0x4e1f. detection of this pattern will set the auto to ?1?. once the auto is set ?1?, it will remain ?1? until 4096 frames pass through the chip without an additional sync pattern being detected. when those preambles are detected, the burst preambles pc and pd that follow the sync codes are stored to registers. the ak4584 also has dts-cd bit stream auto-detection. when the ak4584 detects dts-cd bit streams, the dtscd bit goes to ?1?. if the next sync code does not appear within 4096 flames, the dtscd bit goes to ?0? until when the ak4584 detects the stream again.
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 29 - ? audio interface format five serial modes are supported as shown in table 16, and are selected by the dif2-0 bits. in all modes, the serial data is in msb first, 2?s compliment format. the sdto is clocked out on the falling edge of bick and the sdti is latched on the rising edge. the audio interface supports both master and slave modes. in master mode, bick and lrck are output with the bick frequency fixed to 64fs and the lrck frequency fixed to fs. when the format is equal or less than 20-bit (mode 0-1), lsbs in the sub-frame are truncated. in mode 2-4, the last 4lsbs are auxiliary data (see figure 10). mode 2, 3, 4 in sdti input formats can be used for 16-20bit data by zeroing the unused lsbs. sub-frame of iec60958 0 preamble 34 lsb aux. msb 23 78 11 12 vucp 27 28 29 30 31 lsb msb 0 ak4584 audio data (sdto, msb first) figure 10. bit structure mode dif2 dif1 dif0 sdto sdti lrck bick 0 0 0 0 24bit, msb justified 16bit, lsb justified h/l 32fs 1 0 0 1 24bit, msb justified 20bit, lsb justified h/l 40fs 2 0 1 0 24bit, msb justified 24bit, msb justified h/l 48fs 3 0 1 1 24bit, i 2 s compatible 24bit, i 2 s compatible l/h 48fs 4 1 0 0 24bit, msb justified 24bit, lsb justified h/l 48fs default table 16. audio data format
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 30 - lrck bick(32fs) sdto(o) sdti(i) 0 23 22 15 14 110 21 13 23 15 76543 210 14 13 12 11 98 10 9 1112131415 0 12 3 23 22 21 15 14 13 15 14 13 12 11 98 10 1 0 23 15 76543 210 10 9 1112131415 bick(64fs) 0 118 2 3 19 20 31 0 1 2 3 1 0 18 19 20 31 sdto(o) sdti(i) 23 22 21 don't care 10 7 23 22 21 15 14 13 23 210 17 6543 15 14 13 12 76543 17 12 don't care sdto-23:msb, 0:lsb sdti-15:msb, 0:lsb lch data rch data figure 11. mode 0 timing lrck bick(64fs) sdto(o) sdti(i) 0 23 22 don't care 1 2 12 80 11 0 12 13 24 31 0 12 23 22 12 11 0 1 0 23 8 10 12 13 31 sdto-23:msb, 0:lsb sdti-19:msb, 0:lsb lch data rch data 19 1 don't care 19 24 figure 12. mode 1 timing lrck bick(64fs) sdto(o) sdti(i) 0 23 22 don't care 1 2 4 0 0 20 21 24 31 0 12 23 22 0 1 0 23 0 22 20 21 31 23:msb, 0:lsb lch data rch data don't care 24 321 4321 23 22 22 23 23 22 23 23 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 figure 13. mode 2 timing
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 31 - lrck bick(64fs) sdto(o) sdti(i) 0 23 22 don't care 1 2 4 0 0 25 21 24 0 12 23 22 0 1 0 0 22 25 21 23:msb, 0:lsb lch data rch data don't care 24 321 4321 23 22 22 23 23 22 23 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 figure 14. mode 3 timing lrck bick(64fs) sdto(o) sdti(i) 0 23 22 don't care 1 2 16 0 15 0 24 31 0 12 23 22 16 15 0 1 0 23 8 10 31 23:msb, 0:lsb lch data rch data 23 8 don't care 23 24 89 1 89 figure 15. mode 4 timing
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 32 - ? master mode and slave mode the m/s pin selects between master and slave modes. m/s pin = ?h? is master mode, m/s pin = ?l? is slave mode. in master mode, mcko, bick and lrck are output. in slave mode, only mcko is output from the ak4584 and dividing mcko externally provides bick and lrck. mcko1/2 bick, lrck slave mode mcko1 = output mcko2 = output bick = input lrck = input master mode mcko1 = output mcko2 = output bick = output lrck = output table 17. master mode/slave mode ? relationship clock operation and power down when the ak4584 is powered down, the xtale pin controls the master clock output. the dmck pin disables the mcko1 output. pdn pin m/s pin xtale pin cm1-0 bit mcko1/2 bick, lrck dir, dit, codec l mcko1 = l mcko2 = l l h mcko1 = output 1) mcko2 = output 1) bick = input lrck = input power down l mcko1 = l mcko2 = l l h h default fixed to ?01? mcko1 = output 1) mcko2 = output 1) bick = l lrck = l power down l bick = input lrck = input h h don?t care available mcko1 = output 2) mcko2 = output 2) bick = output lrck = output normal operation table 18. clock operation note 1) : since the dir is powered down, a x?tal oscillator or the external clock can be selected for the clock source. note 2) : cm1-0 bits select the clock source. when changing between modes, there is a possibility that the master clock output (mcko) stops momentarily. note 3) : when pdn pin = ?l?, xti pin is fixed to ?l? when xtale pin = ?l? and the external clock is not ac coupled. ? digital high pass filter the adc has a digital high-pass filter for dc offset cancellation. the cut-off frequency of the hpf is 0.9hz at fs = 44.1khz and also scales with sampling rate (fs).
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 33 - ? input volume the ak4584 includes two channel-independent analog volumes (ipga), each with 37 levels in 0.5db increments. these are located in front of the adcs while digital volume controls (iatt) with 128 levels (including mute) are located after the adcs. control of both of these volumes setting is handled the same register address. when the msb of the register is ?1?, the ipga changes and when the msb = ?0? the iatt changes. the ipga is an analog volume control that improves the s/n ratio compared with digital volume controls (table 19). level changes only occur during zero-crossings to minimize switching noise. channel independent zero-crossing detection is used. if there is no zero-crossings, then the level will change after a time-out. the time-out period scales with fs. the periods of 256/fs, 512/fs, 1024/fs and 2048/fs are selected by ztm1-0 bits in normal speed mode. if new value is written to the ipga register before ipga changes at the zero crossing or time-out, the previous value becomes invalid. the timer (channel independent) for time-out is reset and the timer restarts for new ipga value. the zcei bit in the control register enable zero-crossing detection. the iatt is a pseudo-log volume that is linear-interpolated internally. when changing the level, the transition between att values has 8031 levels and is done by soft changes (zero crossings), eliminating any switching noise. input gain setting 0db +6db +18db fs=44.1khz, a-weight 100db 98db 90db table 19. pga+adc s/n ztm1 ztm0 normal speed double speed 0 0 256/fs 512/fs 0 1 512/fs 1024/fs 1 0 1024/fs 2048/fs default 1 1 2048/fs 4096/fs table 20. zero crossing timeout ? de-emphasis control the dac includes the digital de-emphasis filter (tc=50/15 s) by iir filter. this filter corresponds to three frequencies (32khz, 44.1khz, 48khz). this setting is done via control register (dem1-0 bits). this filter is always off at double speed and quad speed modes. dem1 dem0 mode 0 0 44.1khz 0 1 off default 1 0 48khz 1 1 32khz table 21. de-emphasis control ? output volume the ak4584 includes channel independent digital output volumes (att) with 256 levels at 0.5db steps including mute. these volumes are in front of the dac and can attenuate the input data from 0db to ? 127db and mute. when changing the level, the transitions are executed by soft changes (zero crossings), eliminating any switching noise.
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 34 - ? soft mute operation soft mute operation is performed in the digital domain of the dac input. when the smute bit goes to ?1?, the output signal is attenuated by ? during 1024 lrck cycles. when the smute bit is returned to ?0?, the mute is cancelled and the output attenuation gradually changes to 0db during 1024 lrck cycles. if the soft mute is cancelled within 1024 lrck cycles after starting the operation, the attenuation is discontinued and returned to 0db. the soft mute is effective for changing the signal source without stopping the signal transmission. soft mute function is independent of the output volume and cascade connected between both functions. smute attenuation 1024/fs 0db - figure 16. soft mute function and zero detection function (1) the output signal is attenuated by ? during 1024 lrck cycles (1024/fs). (2) analog output delay from the digital input is called the group delay (gd). (3) if the soft mute is cancelled within 1024 lrck cycles, the attenuation is discontinued and returned to 0db. (4) when the input data of both channels is continuously zeros for 8192 lrck cycles, dzf pin goes to ?h?. dzf pin immediately goes to ?l? if input data of any channel is not zero after going dzf pin = ?h?. ? zero detection function the ak4584 dac has a l/r channel-dependent zeros detect function. when the input data at both channels is continuously zero for 8192 lrck cycles, the dzf pin of each channel goes to ?h?. the dzf pin of each channel immediately goes to ?l? if the input data of each channel is not zero after dzf pin = ?h?. zero detect function can be disabled by the dzfe bit. in this case, the dzf pin is always ?l?. when the pdn pin is ?l?, the dzf pin is always ?l?. if pdn pin = ?l? ?h?, dzf pin goes from ?l? ?h?. when the pwvrn bit is ?0?, the dzf pin is ?l?. if the dzf pin goes to ?h? when the rstdan bit becomes ?0?, then the ak4584 is reset after 4~5/fs and goes to ?l? at 6~7/fs after the rstdan bit becomes ?1?. if after the rstdan bit becomes ?0? and within 5/fs, the rstdan bit becomes ?1?, then the ak4584 will not be properly reset. if the dzf pin goes to ?h? when the pwdan bit becomes ?0?, then the ak4584 is reset after 4~5/fs and goes to ?l? at 6~7/fs after the pwdan bit becomes ?1?. if the pwdan bit becomes ?0?, and the pwdan bit becomes ?1? within 5/fs, then the ak4584 will not be properly reset. when pdn pin becomes ?h? and the pwdan bit becomes ?1? and the rstdan bit becomes ?1?, 8192 counts start after 1/fs for the zero detect function.
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 35 - ? reset and power down the ak4584 has both a power-down mode for all circuits by pulling the pdn pin or a partial power-down mode that is enabled via an internal register (see table 22). the ak4584 should be reset once by bringing pdn pin = ?l? upon power-up. pdn pin pwditn pwvrn pwadn pwdan cm1-0 function register initialization l x x x x x all power-down yes 0 x x x x dit power-down no x 0 x x x vref power-down no x x 0 x x adc power-down no x x x 0 x dac power-down no x x x x 00 x?tal power-down no h x x x x 01 pll power-down no table 22. reset & power down ? serial control interface the internal registers may be either written or read by the 4-wire p interface pins: csn, cclk, cdti & cdto. the data on this interface consists of chip address (2bits, c1/0 are fixed to ?00?), read/write (1bit), register address (msb first, 5bits) and control data (msb first, 8bits). address and data is clocked in on the rising edge of cclk and data is clocked out on the falling edge. for write operations, data is latched after the 16th rising edge of cclk, after a high-to-low transition of csn. for read operations, the cdto output goes to high impedance after a low-to-high transition of csn. the maximum speed of cclk is 5mhz. the chip address is fixed to ?00?. the access to the chip address except for ?00? is invalid. pdn pin = ?l? resets the registers to their default values. csn cclk cdti 0 123456789101112131415 c1c0r/wa4a3a2a1a0d7d6d5d4d3d2d1d0 cdto hi-z write cdti c1c0r/wa4a3a2a1a0 cdto hi-z read d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 hi-z c1 - c0 : chip address (fixed to "00") r/w : read / write ("1" : write, "0" : read) a4 - a0 : register address d7 - d0 : control data figure 17. control i/f timing
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 36 - ? register map addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 00h power down control 0 0 0 test pwditn pwvrn pwadn pwdan 01h reset control 0 0 0 0 0 0 rstadn rstdan 02h clock & format control 0 0 0 dif2 dif1 dif0 dfs1 dfs0 03h deem & volume control msdto smute dzfe zcei ztm1 ztm0 dem1 dem0 04h lch ipga control ipgl7 ipgl6 ipgl5 ipgl4 ipgl3 ipgl2 ipgl1 ipgl0 05h rch ipga control ipgr7 ipgr6 ipgr5 ipgr4 ipgr3 ipgr2 ipgr1 ipgr0 06h lch oatt control attl7 attl6 attl5 attl4 attl3 attl2 attl1 attl0 07h rch oatt control attr7 attr6 attr5 attr4 attr3 attr2 attr1 attr0 08h in/out source control 0 0 dac1 dac0 pcm1 pcm0 dit1 dit0 09h clock mode control ocks1 ocks0 icks1 icks0 cm1 cm0 xtl1 xtl0 0ah dir control 0 cs12 ops1 ops0 ips1 ips0 efh1 efh0 0bh dit control 0 0 tx3e tx2e tx1e udit vdit tch 0ch int0 mask mat0 mdts0 man0 mv0 mpe0 mul0 mpr0 mfs0 0dh int1 mask mat1 mdts1 man1 mv1 mpe1 mul1 mpr1 mfs1 0eh receiver status 0 auto dtscd audion vdir pem unlock par fs 0fh receiver status 1 0 0 0 0 fs3 fs2 fs1 fs0 10h rx channel status byte 0 cr7 cr6 cr5 cr4 cr3 cr2 cr1 cr0 11h rx channel status byte 1 cr15 cr14 cr13 cr12 cr11 cr10 cr9 cr8 12h rx channel status byte 2 cr23 cr22 cr21 cr20 cr19 cr18 cr17 cr16 13h rx channel status byte 3 cr31 cr30 cr29 cr28 cr27 cr26 cr25 cr24 14h rx channel status byte 4 cr39 cr38 cr37 cr36 cr35 cr34 cr33 cr32 15h tx channel status byte 0 ct7 ct6 ct5 ct4 ct3 ct2 ct1 ct0 16h tx channel status byte 1 ct15 ct14 ct13 ct12 ct11 ct10 ct9 ct8 17h tx channel status byte 2 ct23 ct22 ct21 ct20 ct19 ct18 ct17 ct16 18h tx channel status byte 3 ct31 ct30 ct29 ct28 ct27 ct26 ct25 ct24 19h tx channel status byte 4 ct39 ct38 ct37 ct36 ct35 ct34 ct33 ct32 1ah burst preamble pc byte 0 pc7 pc6 pc5 pc4 pc3 pc2 pc1 pc0 1bh burst preamble pc byte 1 pc15 pc14 pc13 pc12 pc11 pc10 pc9 pc8 1ch burst preamble pd byte 0 pd7 pd6 pd5 pd4 pd3 pd2 pd1 pd0 1dh burst preamble pd byte 1 pd15 pd14 pd13 pd12 pd11 pd10 pd9 pd8 pdn = ?l? resets the registers to their default values. ? control register setup sequence when the pdn pin goes from ?l? to ?h? upon power-up etc., the ak4584 will be ready for normal operation by the next sequence. in this case, all control registers are set to initial values and the ak4584 is in the reset state. (1) set the clock mode and the audio data interface mode. (2) cancel the reset state by setting rstadn bit or rstdan bit to ?1?. refer to control register (01h). (3) adc output and dac output should be muted externally until canceling each reset state, since in master mode there is a possibility that the frequency and duty cycle of lrck and bick outputs may become distorted. the clock mode should be changed after setting rstadn bit and rstdan bit to ?0?. at that time, the adc and dac outputs should be muted externally since in master mode, there is a possibility that the frequency and duty of lrck and bick outputs may become distorted.
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 37 - ? register definitions addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 00h power down control 0 0 0 test pwditn pwvrn pwadn pwdan r/w rd rd rd r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w default 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 pwdan: dac power down 0: power down 1: power up ?0? powers down only the dac section and then places lout and rout immediately to a high-z state. the oatts also go to ?ffh?. but the contents of all register are not initialized and enabled to write to the registers. after exiting the power down mode, the oatts fade in the setting value of the control register (06h & 07h). the analog output should be muted externally as some pop noise may occur when entering to and exiting from this mode. pwadn: adc power down 0: power down 1: power up ?0? powers down only the adc section and then the sdto goes ?l? immediately. the ipgas also go ?00h?. but the contents of all register are not initialized and enabled to write to the registers. after exiting the power down mode, the ipgas fade in the setting value of the control register (04h & 05h). at that time, adc output ?0? during first 516 lrck cycles. pwvrn: vref power down 0: power down 1: power up ?0? powers down all sections and then both adc and dac do not operate. the contents of all register are not initialized and enabled to write to the registers. when pwadn bit and pwdan bit go ?0? and pwvrn bit goes ?1?, only vref section can be powered up. pwditn: dit p ower down 0: power down 1: power up ?0? powers down only the dit section. therefore, tx3 pin output is disabled . tx1 pin and tx2 pin can output the biphase signal. the contents of all register are not initialized and enabled to write to the registers. test: test bit must be fixed to ?1?
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 38 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 01h reset control 0 0 0 0 0 0 rstadn rstdan r/w rd rd rd rd rd rd r/w r/w default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 rstdan: dac reset 0: reset 1: normal operation ?0? resets the internal timing and immediately drives the lout and rout to the vcom voltage. the oatts go to ?ffh?. the contents of all registers are unaffected but are write-enabled. after exiting the power down mode, the oatts fade in based on the values of the control registers (06h & 07h). the analog outputs should be muted externally as some pop noise may occur when entering to and exiting from this mode. rstadn: adc reset 0: reset 1: normal operation ?0? resets the internal timing and sdto immediately goes to ?l?. the ipgas go to ?00h?. the contents of all registers are unaffected but are write-enabled. after exiting the power down mode, the ipgas fade in based on the values of the control registers (04h & 05h). at that time, adc output is ?0? during first 516 lrck cycles. addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 02h clock and format control 0 0 0 dif2 dif1 dif0 dfs1 dfs0 r/w rd rd rd r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w default 0 0001000 dfs1-0: sampling speed control (see table 6) initial values are ?00?. dif2-0: audio data interface modes (see table 16) initial values are ?010? (24bit msb justified for both adc and dac).
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 39 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 03h deem and volume control msdto smute dzfe zcei ztm1 ztm0 dem1 dem0 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w default 0 0 011001 dem1-0: de-emphasis response (see table 21) initial values are ?01? (off). ztm1-0: zero crossing time-out period select (see table 20) initial values are ?10? (1024/fs). zcei: adc ipga zero crossing enable 0: input pga gain changes occur immediately 1: input pga gain changes occur only on zero-crossing or after timeout. initial value is ?1? (enable). dzfe: data zero detect enable 0: disable 1: enable zero detect function can be disabled by the dzfe bit. in this case, dzf pin is always ?l?. initial value is ?0? (disable). smute: dac input soft mute control 0: normal operation 1: dac outputs soft-muted the soft mute is independent of the output att and performed digitally. msdto: sdto mute control 0: disable 1: enable when msdto bit is ?1?, sdto outputs ?l?. initial value is ?0? (disable).
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 40 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 04h lch ipga control ipgl7 ipgl6 ipgl5 ipgl4 ipgl3 ipgl2 ipgl1 ipgl0 05h rch ipga control ipgr7 ipgr6 ipgr5 ipgr4 ipgr3 ipgr2 ipgr1 ipgr0 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w default 0 1111111 ipgl/r7-0: adc input gain level (see table 23) initial value is ?7fh? (0db). digital att with 128 levels operates when writing data of less than 7fh. this att is a linear att with 8032 levels internally and these levels are assigned to pseudo-log data with 128 levels. the transition between att values has 8032 levels and is done by soft changes. for example, when att changes from 127 to 126, the internal att value decreases from 8031 to 7775, one by one every fs cycle. it takes 8031 cycles (182ms@fs=44.1khz) from 127 to 0 (mute). the ipgas are set to ?00h? when pdn pin goes ?l?. after returning to ?h?, the ipgas fade into the initial value, ?7fh? in 8031 cycles. the ipgas are set to ?00h? when pwadn bit goes ?0?. after returning to ?1?, the ipgas fade into the current value. the adc output is ?0? during the first 516 cycles. the ipgas are set to ?00h? when rstadn bit goes to ?0?. after returning to ?1?, the ipgas fade into the current value. the adc output is ?0? during the first 516 cycles.
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 41 - data internal (datt) gain (db) step width (db) 255 - 165 - +18 - 164 - +18 - 163 - +17.5 0.5 162 - +17 0.5 : - : 0.5 130 - +1.0 0.5 129 - +0.5 0.5 128 - 0 0.5 ipga analog volume with 0.5db step 127 8031 0 - 126 7775 ? 0.28 0.28 125 7519 ? 0.57 0.29 :: : : 112 4191 ? 5.65 0.51 111 3999 ? 6.06 0.41 110 3871 ? 6.34 0.28 :: : : 96 2079 ? 11.74 0.52 95 1983 ? 12.15 0.41 94 1919 ? 12.43 0.28 :: : : 80 1023 ? 17.90 0.53 79 975 ? 18.32 0.42 78 943 ? 18.61 0.29 :: : : 64 495 ? 24.20 0.54 63 471 ? 24.64 0.43 62 455 ? 24.94 0.30 :: : : 48 231 ? 30.82 0.58 47 219 ? 31.29 0.46 46 211 ? 31.61 0.32 :: : : 32 99 ? 38.18 0.67 31 93 ? 38.73 0.54 30 89 ? 39.11 0.38 :: : : 16 33 ? 47.73 0.99 15 30 ? 48.55 0.83 14 28 ? 49.15 0.60 :: : : 510 ? 58.10 1.58 48 ? 60.03 1.94 36 ? 62.53 2.50 24 ? 66.05 3.52 12 ? 72.07 6.02 0 0 mute iatt external 128 levels are converted to internal 8032 linear levels of datt. internal datt soft-changes between data. datt=2^m x (2 x l + 33) ? 33 m: msb 3-bits of data l: lsb 4-bits of data table 23. ipga code table
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 42 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 06h lch oatt control attl7 attl6 attl5 attl4 attl3 attl2 attl1 attl0 07h rch oatt control attr7 attr6 attr5 attr4 attr3 attr2 attr1 attr0 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w default 1 1 11111 1 attl/r7-0: dac oatt level (see table 24) initial value is ?ffh? (0db). the transition from initial to final levels has 7425 levels. it takes 7424/fs (168ms@fs=44.1khz) from ffh(0db) to 00h(mute). if pdn pin goes to ?l?, the atts are initialized to ffh. the atts are ffh when pwdan bit = ?0?. when pwdan bit returns to ?1?, the atts fade to their current value. the atts are ffh when rstdan bit = ?0?. when rstdan bit returns to ?1?, the atts fade to their current value. digital attenuation is independent of the soft mute function. attl/r7-0 attenuation ffh 0db feh ? 0.5db fdh ? 1.0db fch ? 1.5db :: :: 02h ? 126.5db 01h ? 127db 00h mute ( ? ) table 24. oatt code table
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 43 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 08h in/out source control 0 0 dac1 dac0 pcm1 pcm0 dit1 dit0 r/w rd rd r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w default 0 0 000000 dit1-0: input selector for dit (see table 10) initial values are ?00?. when dit1-0 bits are ?10?, the selected input is sent to the tx3 output. pcm1-0: input selector for sdto (see table 25) initial values are ?00?. pcm1 pcm0 input source 0 0 adc 0 1 sdti 10 dir 11 n/a default table 25. input selector for sdto dac1-0: input selector for dac (see table 26) initial values are ?00?. dac1 dac0 input source 0 0 adc 0 1 sdti 10 dir 11 n/a default table 26. input selector for dac addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 09h clock mode control ocks1 ocks0 icks1 icks0 cm1 cm0 xtl1 xtl0 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w default 0 1 000100 xtl1-0: x?tal frequency select (see table 11) initial values are ?00?. cm1-0: master clock operation mode select (see table 1) initial values are ?01?. icks1-0: master clock input frequency select in x?tal mode (see table 5) initial values are ?00?. * 768fs is supported external clock mode. ocks1-0: master clock output frequency select in pll mode (see table 2) initial values are ?01?.
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 44 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0ah dir control 0 cs12 ops1 ops0 ips1 ips0 efh1 efh0 r/w rd r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w default 0 0 000001 efh1-0: interrupt 0 pin hold count select (table 27) initial values are ?01?. lrck of table 27 is dir?s lrck, the hold time scales with 1/fs. efh1 efh0 hold count 0 0 512lrck 0 1 1024lrck 1 0 2048lrck 1 1 4096lrck default table 27. hold count select ips1-0: input recovery data select (see table 8) initial values are ?00?. ops1-0: output through data select for tx1/2 (see table 9) initial values are ?00?. cs12: channel status select 0: channel 1 1: channel 2 selects which channel status is used to derive c-bit buffers, audion, pem, fs.
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 45 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0bh dit control 0 0 tx3e tx2e tx1e udit vdit tch r/w rd rd r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w default 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 tch: channel number select for dit 0: don?t care (bit20-23 = 0000) 1: stereo (bit20-23 = 1000 : l channel, bit20-23 = 0100 : r channel) automatically sets the channel number of the dit (bit20-23 of c-bit). initial value is ?0?. for consumer mode (ct0 bit = ?0?), ct20-23 bits of address 17h cannot be controlled directly. vdit: v-bit control for dit 0: valid 1: invalid initial value is ?0?. udit: u-bit control for dit 0: u-bit is fixed to ?0?. 1: recovered u-bit is used for dit. (loop mode for u-bit) when dir is unlocked , u-bit is ?0?. initial value is ?1?. tx1e: tx1 output enable 0: disable, tx1 outputs ?l?. 1: enable initial value is ?1?. tx2e: tx2 output enable 0: disable, tx2 outputs ?l?. 1: enable initial value is ?1?. tx3e: tx3 output enable 0: disable, tx3 outputs ?l?. 1: enable initial value is ?1?.
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 46 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0ch int0 mask mat0 mdts0 man0 mv0 mpe0 mul0 mpr0 mfs0 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w default 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 mfs0: mask enable for fs bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mpr0: mask enable for par bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mul0: mask enable for unlock bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mpe0: mask enable for pem bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mv0: mask enable for vdir bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable man0: mask enable for audion bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mdts0: mask enable for dtscd bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mat0: mask enable for auto bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 47 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0dh int1 mask mat1 mdts1 man1 mv1 mpe1 mul1 mpr1 mfs1 r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w default 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 mfs1: mask enable for fs bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mpr1: mask enable for par bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mul1: mask enable for unlock bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mpe1: mask enable for pem bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mv1: mask enable for vdir bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable man1: mask enable for audion bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mdts1: mask enable for dtscd bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable mat1: mask enable for auto bit 0: mask disable 1: mask enable
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 48 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0eh receiver status 0 auto dtscd audion vdir pem unlock par fs r/w rd rd rd rd rd rd rd rd default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fs: sampling frequency status 0: no change 1: change this bit is ?1? when fs3-0 bits are changed. when this address is read, this bit is reset. par: parity error or bi-phase error status 0: no error 1: error this bit is ?1? if a parity error or biphase error is detected in the sub-frame. when this address is read, this bit is reset. unlock: pll lock status 0: lock 1: unlock when this address is read, this bit is not reset. pem: pre-emphasis bit output 0: off 1: on this bit is made by encoding the channel status bits. when this address is read, this bit is not reset. vdir: validity bit 0: valid 1: invalid when this address is read, this bit is not reset. audion: audio bit output 0: audio 1: non audio this bit is made by encoding channel status bits. when this address is read, this bit is not reset. dtscd: dts-cd auto detect 0: no detect 1: detect when this address is read, this bit is not reset. auto: non-pcm auto detect 0: no detect 1: detect when this address is read, this bit is not reset.
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 49 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0fh receiver status 1 0 0 0 0 fs3 fs2 fs1 fs0 r/w rd rd rd rd rd rd rd rd default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fs3-0: sampling frequency detection (see table 12) initial values are ?0000?. addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 10h rx channel status byte 0 cr7 cr6 cr5 cr4 cr3 cr2 cr1 cr0 11h rx channel status byte 1 cr15 cr14 cr13 cr12 cr11 cr10 cr9 cr8 12h rx channel status byte 2 cr23 cr22 cr21 cr20 cr19 cr18 cr17 cr16 13h rx channel status byte 3 cr31 cr30 cr29 cr28 cr27 cr26 cr25 cr24 14h rx channel status byte 4 cr39 cr38 cr37 cr36 cr35 cr34 cr33 cr32 r/w rd default not initialized cr39-0: receiver channel status byte 4-0 addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 15h tx channel status byte 0 ct7 ct6 ct5 ct4 ct3 ct2 ct1 ct0 16h tx channel status byte 1 ct15 ct14 ct13 ct12 ct11 ct10 ct9 ct8 17h tx channel status byte 2 ct23 ct22 ct21 ct20 ct19 ct18 ct17 ct16 18h tx channel status byte 3 ct31 ct30 ct29 ct28 ct27 ct26 ct25 ct24 19h tx channel status byte 4 ct39 ct38 ct37 ct36 ct35 ct34 ct33 ct32 r/w r/w default 0 ct39-0: transmitter channel status byte 4-0 in consumer mode (ct0 bit = ?0?), bit20-23 (audio channel) cannot be controlled directly. addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1ah burst preamble pc byte 0 pc7 pc6 pc5 pc4 pc3 pc2 pc1 pc0 1bh burst preamble pc byte 1 pc15 pc14 pc13 pc12 pc11 pc10 pc9 pc8 1ch burst preamble pd byte 0 pd7 pd6 pd5 pd4 pd3 pd2 pd1 pd0 1dh burst preamble pd byte 1 pd15 pd14 pd13 pd12 pd11 pd10 pd9 pd8 r/w rd default not initialized pc15-0: burst preamble pc byte 1-0 pd15-0: burst preamble pd byte 1-0
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 50 - system design figure 18 shows the system connection diagram. an evaluation board is available which demonstrates application circuits, the optimum layout, power supply arrangements and measurement results. [measurement condition] ? tvdd = 3.0v, master mode, xtale = ?h?, dmck = ?l? 38 37 analog 5v 36 35 34 0.1 10 39 40 41 42 43 44 5.1 0.1 10 13k rx2 test1 rx1 pvss r pvdd lin rin vref avdd avss nc pdn int1 cclk csn mcko2 sdto sdti bick lrck m/s dzf vcom lout rout 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 mcko1 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 shield shield pdn control p test2 rx3 rx4 int0 cdti cdto xti/mcki 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 12 14 13 test3 tx1 tx2 xtale tx3 dvdd dvss tvdd xto dmck 0.1 10 0.1 digital 3v 10 c c audio dsp 0.1 2.2 5.1 s/pdif sources shield mute mute s/pdif out ak4584 note: - x?tal oscillation circuit is specified from 11.2896mhz to 24.576mhz. capacitors ?c? depend on the x?tal. - agnd and dgnd of the ak4584 should be distributed separately from the ground of external digital devices (mpu, dsp etc.). - when lout/rout drives a capacitive load, resistors should be added in series between lout/rout and capacitive load. - all input pins except pull-down pin (test1,2 pins) should not be left floating. - to prevent coupling of test1, test2 and the rx signals, nc pins are connected pvss. figure 18. typical connection diagram
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 51 - 1. grounding and power supply decoupling the ak4584 requires careful attention to power supply and grounding arrangements. avdd, dvdd and pvdd are usually supplied from the analog supply in the system. alternatively if avdd, dvdd and pvdd are supplied separately, the power up sequence is not critical. tvdd is a power supply pin to interface with external ics and is supplied from the digital supply in the system. avss, dvss and pvss of the ak4584 must be connected to analog ground plane. system analog ground and digital ground should be connected together near to where the supplies are brought onto the printed circuit board. decoupling capacitors should be as near to the ak4584 as possible, with the small value ceramic capacitor being the nearest. 2. voltage reference inputs the differential voltage between vref and avss sets the analog input/output range. vref pin is normally connected to avdd with a 0.1f ceramic capacitor. vcom is a signal ground of this chip. an electrolytic capacitor 2.2f parallel with a 0.1f ceramic capacitor attached to vcom pin eliminates the effects of high frequency noise. no load current may be drawn from the vcom pin. all signals, especially clocks, should be kept away from the vref and vcom pins in order to avoid unwanted coupling into the ak4584. 3. analog inputs adc inputs are single-ended and the input resistance is 10k ? (typ). the input signal range scales with the supply voltage and nominally 0.6 x vref vpp (typ). usually the input signal is ac coupled with capacitor. the cut-off frequency is fc = 1/(2 rc). the ak4584 can accept input voltages from avss to avdd. the adc output data format 2?s compliment. the internal hpf removes the dc offset. the ak4584 samples the analog inputs at 64fs. the digital filter rejects noise above the stop band except for multiples of 64fs. the ak4584 includes an anti-aliasing filter (rc filter) to attenuate a noise around 64fs. 4. analog outputs the analog outputs are single-ended and centered around the vcom voltage. the input signal range scales with the supply voltage, nominally 0.6 x vref vpp. the dac input data format is 2?s complement. the output voltage is a positive full scale for 7fffffh(@24bit) and a negative full scale for 800000h(@24bit). the ideal output is 0v for 000000h(@24bit). the internal analog filters remove most of the out-of-band noise generated by the dac?s delta-sigma modulator. 5. xti pin and xto pin (1) c depends on the x?tal (typ. 10 40pf). (2) when an external clock is supplied, the xto pin is left floating and the clock source is connected to the xti pin. the input voltage should not exceed dvdd. when applying a cmos level signal to the xti pin, when xtale pin = ?l? and pdn pin = ?l?, the xti pin is fixed to ?l?. the means that the xti pin can accept a cmos level clock as well as ttl level clock. the only restriction to this is the clock high level must be equal to or greater than 40% dvdd, not to exceed dvdd. the low value of the clock must be 30% dvdd or lower, not to drop below dgnd. (3) when the xti and the xto pins are not used, leave the xto pin floating and connect the xti pin to dvss.
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 52 - package 44pin lqfp (unit: mm) 12.80 0.30 0.80 44 34 33 23 10.00 111 12 22 10.00 12.80 0.30 0.37 0.10 0.15 0.60 0.20 0 10 ~ 0.17 0.05 1.70max 0 ~ 0.2 ? material & lead finish package molding compound: epoxy lead frame material: cu lead frame surface treatment: solder (pb free) plate
asahi kasei [ak 4584] ms0118-e-00 2001/11 - 53 - marking 1 akm ak4584vq xxxxxxx xxxxxxx : date code identifier (7 digits) important notice ? these products and their specifications are subject to change without notice. before considering any use or application, consult the asahi kasei microsystems co., ltd. (akm) sales office or authorized distributor concerning their current status. ? akm assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other right in the application or use of any information contained herein. ? any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license or other official approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs and tariffs, currency exchange, or strategic materials. ? akm products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical components in any safety, life support, or other hazard related device or system, and akm assumes no responsibility relating to any such use, except with the express written consent of the representative director of akm. as used here: (a) a hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of safety or for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant injury or damage to person or property. (b) a critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result, whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or system containing it, and which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and reliability. ? it is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of an akm product who distributes, disposes of, or otherwise places the product with a third party to notify that party in advance of the above content and conditions, and the buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for and hold akm harmless from any and all claims arising from the use of said product in the absence of such notification.

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